(N14) Networking Basics part5 IP Address part1 ipv4 and mac address, ipv4 ipv6, ipv4 class
20230109 153400
TCP/IP Protocol suite
OSI TCP/IP(DoD)
Application
Presentation Application
Session
Transport Transport
Network Internet
DataLink Network Access
Physical
—-We are using TCP/IP protocol suite, IP Address – IPv4, IPv6, Star topology
–
IP address is logical address
IP address: Uniquely identify a device in the network
Ip address is not unique address
Ip address can change according to network
To communicate in network , devices need IP address to send and receive data
IP Address MAC Address
Logical Address Physical Address
Can able to change Can’t Change
Private and Public Ip address no private or public,it is fixed on nic
Used for communication don’t use to communicate
IPv4 – 32 bit IPv6-128 bit 48 bit – 12 Hex
Ex. 192.168.12.67 ex. 00-AC-5B-7D-33-A1
*we communicate with ip address
**all communication by ip address
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IP Address
IPv4 IPv6
32 bit 128 bit
2^32 = 4.3 billion 2^128 = 3.4 billion billion billion
4,294,967,296 =3.4 x 10 ^ 38
Decimal format Hexadecimal format
ex.192.168.1.101 ex.2001:11aa:22bb:33cc:44dd:5ee5:ff66:0001
32bit/4 = 8 bit =octet 1 Hex — 4 bit , 128/4 – 32 HEX
separated with dot(.) 4 HEX – BLOCK -EACH BLOCK DIVIDED BY :(COLON)
4 octets 32HEX/4 = 8 BLOCKS
octet = 2^8 = 256 = 0-255 Global unicast – 001/3, ex. 2000: – 3fff -public ip
Link local – fe80::/64 –LAN/private ip
generated by system based on MAC address of that NIC
Private ip address
Multicast
Anycast
2001::A=2001:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:000A
2001:01A0:0000:0000:0000:002B:000C:0300 = 2001:1A0:0:0:0:2B:C:300 = 2001:1A0::2B:C:300
•2001:0000:0000:012A:0000:0000:0000:001B = 2001:0:0:12A:0:0:0:1B = 2001::12A:0:0:0:1B OR 2001:0:0:12A::1B
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Ipv4 continuee
1st octet. 2nd octet. 3rd octet. 4th octet = W. X. Y. Z
0-255. 0-255. 0-255. 0-255
IPv4 Range 0.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255
0.0.0.0 0.0.1.0 0.0.2.0 0.1.0.1 2.0.0.0
0.0.0.1 0.0.1.1 0.0.2.1 .. 2.0.0.1
0.0.0.2 .. .. 0.255.255.255 ..
.. .. .. 1.0.0.0 ..
0.0.0.254 0.0.1.254 0.0.255.255 1.0.0.1 255.255.255.254
0.0.0.255 0.0.1.255 0.1.0.0 1.255.255.255 255.255.255.255
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Total ip address range divide into 5 classes
CLASS A:0-127(1-126)
CLASS B:128-191
CLASS C:192-223
CLASS D:224-239 – Multicast- used by some services -bootp, eigrp..
CLASS E:240-255 – R & D
WE CAN’T ASSIGN IP ADDRESSes TO NIC
0.0.0.0 – unknown ip address, reserved ip address for static routing,
(ipv6 – ::) dhcp -dora service
0.x.x.x – no
127.0.0.1 – localhost/loopback ip address, self testing ,
(ipv6- ::1) local service access(with in the system)
127.x.x.x – no
** Class A, Class B, Class C are Unicast IP Address – -we are using
To recognize ip address class , check the 1st octet (W) of ip address
120.9.200.1 – class A
151.200.80.2 – class B
197.10.1.9 – class C
224.0.0.9 – class D
240.1.20.1 – class E
170.192.240.10 -class B
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ipv4
