(SDB6) Networking Basics part8 IP Address – IPv4 Classes, Network and Host, Default Subnet Mask
20221028 123924
IPv4 Class
Based on 1st octet – w in w.x.y.z
Class A: 0000 0000 – 0111 1111: 0 – 127(1-126)
Class B: 1000 0000 – 1011 1111: 128-191
Class C: 1100 0000 – 1101 1111: 192-223
Class D: 1110 0000 – 1110 1111: 224 – 239 – Multicast
Class E: 1111 0000 – 1111 1111: 240 – 255 — R & D
——–WE DON’T ASSIGN TO ADAPTOR—
0.0.0.0 – reserved ip
0.x.x.x – no
127.0.0.1 -reserved ip – localhost/loopback address
127.x.x.x – no
169.254.x.x – APIPA ADDRESS – NO – ERROR
120.9.200.1 – class A
151.200.80.2 – class B
197.10.1.9 – class C
224.0.0.9 – class D
240.1.20.1 – class E
170.192.240.10 -class B
Class range nw & host Default Subnet Mask – No of hosts per nw
Class A:0-127 :N.H.H.H:255.0.0.0 :2^24-2=16,777,216-2=16,777,214
Class B:128-191 :N.N.H.H:255.255.0.0 :2^16-2=65536-2=65534
Class C:192-223 :N.N.N.H:255.255.255.0 :2^8=256-2 =254
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100.10.20.3 –class A – N-100, H-10.20.3
150.10.2.190 – class B – N-150.10 , H- 2.190
201.2.100.250 – class C -N-201.2.100, H-250
Device must be in same network to communicate each other
Devices network portion must be same
Or Network ID must be same
–
If you want make communication between two or more different networks (network id is different to each other) you have to use Router (internetworking device)
————————
PC1: 172.16.10.230
PC2: 172.16.100.12
Class B – N-172.16, – both will comm
PC3: 172.16.100.34
PC4:172.17.10.165 – N- 172.17
-pc1,pc2,pc3 will comm – pc4 not -out
A-101.1.19.100
B-101.10.2.65
C-100.10.2.66 –X -A, B –correction – 101.10.2.66
–
A – 201.100.10.2
B – 201.100.10.3
C – 201.100.11.4 -x
D – 201.101.10.5 -x
E – 200.100.10.6 -x
172.168.10.11 – 172.16.10.11– 190.168.10.22 -192.168.10.11.
Subnet Mask – tells what is your network ID
Subnet mask divide ip address into network portion and host portion
Subnet mask -use AND Gate truth table -AND Operation
Default Subnet Mask
Class A :255.0.0.0
Class B:255.255.0.0
Class C:255.255.255.0
PC1 – 192.168.10.20 –1100 0000 . 1010 1000. 0000 1010. 0001 0100
255.255.255.0 –1111 1111 . 1111 1111. 1111 1111 . 0000 0000
NW id- 192.168.10.0 – 1100 0000. 1010 1000. 0000 1010. 0000 0000
AND Gate
A B Y=A.B
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
——–
Subnetting: is dividing a ip network into multiple subnets
*supernet/ting – combin multiple subnets/net into a single large nw
Purpose to save , better utilizing public ip address
Based no of host per subnet, no of subnets required
To achieve subnetting – change subnet mask
–
If you use default subnet mask – classfull network
If you use customized subnet mask – classless network
172.16.100.10
255.255.0.0 –class full
172.16.0.0 –nw id
—
172.16.100.11
255.255.255.0 –class less
172.16.100.0 –nw id
192.168.10.110 – 255.255.255.0 – 192.168.10.110/24
-no need to tell subnet mask if it is classfull- default will take
172.16.19.100 – 255.255.255.0 – /24 – 172.16.19.100/24
-give subnet mask -it is classless
/ notatition – to represent subnet mask –it is called CIDR method -prefix
/n – n no of 1’s in subnet maks or network bits
255.0.0.0 -/8
255.255.0.0 – /16
255.255.255.0 -/24
255.255.255.128 -/25
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ipv4
