(N9) Networking Basic part11 IP Address, MAC Address, IPv4, IPv6, Private IP Address,
20221201 122344
IP Address
IP address is logical address
IP address: Uniquely identify a device in the network
Ip address is not unique address
Ip address can change according to network
IP Address MAC Address
Logical Address Physical Address
Can able to change Can’t Change
Private and Public Ip address no private or public, it is fixed
Used for communication don’t use to communicate
IPv4 – 32 bit IPv6-128 bit 48 bit – 12 Hex
* all communication by ip address
IP Address
IPv4 IPv6
32 bit 128 bit
2^32 = 4.3 billion 2^128 = 3.4 billion billion billion
4,294,967,296 =3.4 x 10 ^ 38
Decimal format Hexadecimal format
ex.192.168.1.101 ex.2001:11aa:22bb:33cc:44dd:5ee5:ff66:0001
32bit/4 = 8 bit =octet 1 Hex — 4 bit
separated with dot(.) 128/4 – 32 HEX
4 HEX – BLOCK -EACH BLOCK DIVIDED BY :(COLON)
octet = 2^8 = 256 = 0-255 32 HEX/4 = 8 BLOCKS
2001::A = 2001:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:000A
1st octet.2nd octet.3rd octet.4th octet – w.x.y.z
•0-255.0-255.0-255.0-255
•0.0.0.0 — 255.255.255.255
•
•LOOPBACK/LOCALHOST
•127.0.0.1 ::1
•every PC’s name is by itself localhost
•ping 127.0.0.1 — self test
•
•your pc is webserver/web application *, test web site from the pc only
•http://localhost or http://127.0.0.1
•*any network based service
•——————-
•0.0.0.0 ::
•(unknow ip address)
•used at dhcp dora process
•default routing ..
•unicast unicast
•multicast multicast
•broadcast anycast
•
• Global unicast: 001/3 — 2000 – 3fff
• (like public ip address)
• Link local: fe80:: /64 — private ip address
generated by system/device using MAC address
• can communicate with Link local ip address with in LAN (local)
IPv4 Class
Based on 1st octet – w in w.x.y.z
Class A: 0000 0000 – 0111 1111: 0 – 127(1-126)
Class B: 1000 0000 – 1011 1111: 128-191
Class C: 1100 0000 – 1101 1111: 192-223
Class D: 1110 0000 – 1110 1111: 224 – 239 – Multicast
Class E: 1111 0000 – 1111 1111: 240 – 255 — R & D
——–WE DON’T ASSIGN TO ADAPTOR—
0.0.0.0 – reserved ip
0.x.x.x – no
127.0.0.1 -reserved ip – localhost/loopback address
127.x.x.x – no
169.254.x.x – APIPA ADDRESS – NO – ERROR
120.9.200.1 – class A
151.200.80.2 – class B
197.10.1.9 – class C
224.0.0.9 – class D
240.1.20.1 – class E
170.192.240.10 -class B
Class range nw & host Default Subnet Mask – No of hosts per nw
Class A:0-127 :N.H.H.H:255.0.0.0 :2^24-2=16,777,216-2=16,777,214
Class B:128-191 :N.N.H.H:255.255.0.0 :2^16-2=65536-2=65534
Class C:192-223 :N.N.N.H:255.255.255.0 :2^8=256-2 =254
————————————————-
100.10.20.3 –class A – N-100, H-10.20.3
150.10.2.190 – class B – N-150.10 , H- 2.190
201.2.100.250 – class C -N-201.2.100, H-250
Device must be in same network to communicate each other
Devices network portion must be same
Or Network ID must be same
–
If you want make communication between two or more different networks (network id is different to each other) you have to use Router (internetworking device)
————————
PC1: 172.16.10.230
PC2: 172.16.100.12
Class B – N-172.16, – both will comm
PC3: 172.16.100.34
PC4:172.17.10.165 – N- 172.17
-pc1,pc2,pc3 will comm – pc4 not -out
A-101.1.19.100
B-101.10.2.65
C-100.10.2.66 –X -A, B –correction – 101.10.2.66
–
Subnet Mask – tells what is your network ID
Subnet mask divide ip address into network portion and host portion
Subnet mask -use AND Gate truth table -AND Operation
Default Subnet Mask
Class A :255.0.0.0
Class B:255.255.0.0
Class C:255.255.255.0
PC1 – 192.168.10.20 –1100 0000 . 1010 1000. 0000 1010. 0001 0100
255.255.255.0 –1111 1111 . 1111 1111. 1111 1111 . 0000 0000
NW id- 192.168.10.0 – 1100 0000. 1010 1000. 0000 1010. 0000 0000
AND Gate
A B Y=A.B
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
——–
192.168.10.110 – 255.255.255.0 – 192.168.10.110/24
-no need to tell subnet mask if it is classfull- default will take
172.16.19.100 – 255.255.255.0 – /24 – 172.16.19.100/24
-give subnet mask -it is classless
/ notatition – to represent subnet mask –it is called CIDR method -prefix
/n – n no of 1’s in subnet maks or network bits
255.0.0.0 -/8
255.255.0.0 – /16
255.255.255.0 -/24
255.255.255.128 -/25
—————————————————————–
Private IP Address -non routable in public(Internet), use in LAN communication
Class A:10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255
Class B:172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255
Class C: 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255
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ipv4
