(N22) Networking Basics part10 IP Address and MAC Address, IPv4 and IPv6, IP Address
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IP Address
Logical Address
Uniquely identify a device in network
Devices to communicate in network, it need an ip address
*All communications in network by IP address only
IP Address can assigned or configured by manually or automatically(by DHCP Server)
Ip address can changeable -manually , automatically (by dhcp server)
IP address defines logical network
IP Address – IPv4 (32bit) and IPv6(128 bit)
IPv4 – decimal – 192.168.11.67
IPv6 – Hexadecimal – 2001:33BA:AE48:B814:75BC:88AA:1CDF:ABCD
MAC Address
Any device want to connect in network need NIC(wired or wireless)
Every NIC has MAC Address
MAC Address also called as Physical Address or Hardware Address
MAC Address – 48 bit , represent in 12 Hexadecimal
Ex. 00-0C-D3-F4-81-7B
MAC Address assigned by Manufacturer of NIC
MAC Address can’t changeable
*MAC Spoofing is possible
*MAC binding in Wifi networks possible
MAC address valid only in LAN communication
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IPv4 IPv6
32 bit 128 bit
2^32 = 4.3 billion 2^128 = 3.4 billion billion billion
4,294,967,296 3.4 x 10^38
Decimal Hexadecimal
Ex. 192.145.78.34 2098:56AC:34CB:78C1:87BB:ABE4:67AA:9CDC
32bit divided into 4 parts 1 Hexadecimal = 4 bit, 128/4 = 32 Hexadecimal
separated by Dot(.) 32 Hex divided into 8 Blocks separated by colon(:)
Each part 32/4 = 8 bit – octet Each block as 4 Hex numbers
Octet = 8bit = 2^8 = 256 Link local fe80::/64 – system assigned ip to nic
Each octet range = 0-255 Global Unicast 001/3 – 2000 – 3fff
1st Octet. 2nd Octet. 3rd Octet. 4th Octet = W.X.Y.Z
0-255 . 0-255 . 0-255 . 0-255
IPv4 Address Range 0.0.0.0 – 255.255.255.255
0.0.0.0 0.0.1.0 .. 0.2.0.0 1.255.255.255
0.0.0.1 0.0.1.1 0.0.255.255 .. 2.0.0.0
0.0.0.2 0.0.1.2 0.1.0.0 0.255.255.255 ..
.. 0.0.1.255 0.1.0.1 1.0.0.0 ..
0.0.0.254 0.0.2.0 .. 1.0.0.1 ..
0.0.0.255 .. 0.1.255.255 .. 255.255.255.255
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Total IPv4 address divided into 5 Classes
Divided based on 1st Octet of ip address
Based on 1st octet(W) of IP address, we can recognized which class of ip address
CLASS A:0000 0000 – 0111 1111:0-127(1-126)
CLASS B:1000 0000 – 1011 1111:128-191
CLASS C:1100 0000 – 1101 1111:192-223
CLASS D:1110 0000 – 1110 1111:224-239 – Multicasting, can’t assign to device
CLASS E:1111 0000 – 1111 1111:240-255 – R & D , RESERVED – DON’T USE
Class A, Class B, Class C – unicast ip address, can assign to device
We can’t assign to device
0.0.0.0 – reserved , used by services like dhcp client, default routing..
0.x.x.x – no
127.0.0.1 – reserved, localhost/loopback address
– from same device access , with in system, self testing
127.x.x.x – no
169.254.x.x – APIPA (Automatic Private IP Address) ,when a device failed to get ip address from DHCP server, or IP Address conflict Occurs system assigns an ip address from APIPA Range – 169.254.0.1 – 169.254.255.254
16.176.192.23 – class A
167.8.234.251 – class B
123.78.77.168 – class A
189.145.16.98 – class B
201.127.254.98 – class C
226.126.67.8 – class D
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