(N15) Networking Basics part7 IP Address and MAC Address, IP Address -IPv4 and IPv6
20230124 104717
TCP/IP protocol suite
IP Address – IPv4, IPv6
LAN – Star Topology
IP Address
Logical Address
Uniquely identify a device in network
All communication by IP Address
Any device in network want to communicate it need an IP Address
Each device must have a NIC to connect in network
Every nic has MAC Address
IP Address MAC Address
Logical Address Physical Address
Assigned by manually or automatically Given by manufacturer of NIC
IPv4 and IPv6 no version
IPv4 (32 bit) and IPv6(128 bit) 48 bit , represent in 12 Hexadecimal
Can changeable can’t change
Public and Private IP Addresses no public and private
All communication by IP Address only
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IPv4 IPv6
32 bit 128 bit
2^32 = 4.3 billion 2^128=3.4 billion billion billion
= 4,294,967,296 = 3.4 x 10^38
Decimal format Hexadecimal
Ex. 192.168.10.23 ex. 2001:aa11:bb22:c33c:d45d:71ee:8ff3:ac1d
Divided into 4 parts 1 Hexadecimal = 4 bits,128/4 = 32 Hexadecimals,
Separated by .(dot) each 4 Hexadecimal no into a BLOCK
32/4 = 8 bit = octet 32/4 = 8 BLOCKs Separated by :(Colon)
4 octets , octet =2^8=256 Global unicast – public address 001/3, 2000 – 3fff
Octet = 0 – 255 Link Local: generated by system based on NIC’s
MAC Address: fe80::/64 – works only in LAN
Private and Multicast ipv6 address
1st octet. 2nd octet. 3rd octet. 4th octet = W.X.Y.Z
0-255. 0-255. 0-255. 0-255
IPv4 address range – 0.0.0.0 – 255.255.255.255
0.0.0.0 0.0.1.0 0.0.2.0 0.1.0.0 1.0.0.0
0.0.0.1 0.0.1.1 0.0.2.1 0.1.0.1 1.0.0.1
0.0.0.2 0.0.1.2 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
0.0.0.254 0.0.1.254 0.0.255.254 0.255.255.254..
0.0.0.255 0.0.1.255 0.0.255.255 0.255.255.255.. 255.255.255.255
The total ipv4 is divided into 5 Classes
Use 1st octet
CLASS A:0000 0000 – 0111 1111: 0-127(1-126)
CLASS B:1000 0000 – 1011 1111: 128- 191
CLASS C:1100 0000 – 1101 1111: 192-223
CLASS D:1110 0000 – 1110 1111: 224-239 – Multicast
CLASS E:1111 0000 – 1111 1111: 240-255 – reserved, R & D
* CLASS A, CLASS B, CLASS C are unicast address, which we are using in regular communication
We can’t assign ip address to our devices/NICs
0.0.0.0 – reserved – default routing, dhcp client , .,
0.x.x.x – no
127.0.0.1 – reserved- localhost/loopback – self testing, self(in same) device service accessing
127.x.x.x – no
Class D – multicast – used by certain services eigrp, ripv2, ospf, bootp,
Bootp – deploy/install OS/Application through network to multiple devices at a time
Eigrp,ripv2,ospf – exchange routing table using a multicast address
localhost -ipv4 127.0.0.1 ipv6 ::1
Ipv4 0.0.0.0 ipv6 ::
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Identify ip address class, check 1st octet (W) and see the table
12.0.78.191 – class A
120.191.12.253 – class A
134.120.23.1 – class B
149.4.56.199 – class B
201.9.1.67 – class C
225.0.0.2 – class D
249.255.247.90 – class E
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ipv4
