(N10) Networking Basic part7 IP Address , MAC address, IPv4 and IPv6
20221205 154053
IP Address:
IP Address is logical address
Uniquely identify device in network
Not unique address
Any device want to communicate in network need ip address
All communications by ip address, not with name not with MAC address
IP Address MAC Address
Logical address Physical address
Can changeable can’t change
Assigned by manually, or assigned by manufacturer of NIC
automatically by dhcp server
Private and Public ip address no private or public
IPv4 (32bit) and IPv6(128bit) no version, 48bit , 12 Hexadecimal
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IPv4 IPv6
32bit 128bit
No of ipv4 addresses No. of ipv6 addresses
2^32=4.3 billion-4,294,967,296 2^128=3.4 billion billion billion
= 3.4 x 10^38
Decimal number hexadecimal numbers
Ex. 192.168.11.110 2001:AAAA:BBBB:CCCC:1111:2222:3333:4444
Divided by 4 parts 1 Hex – 4 bits , 128/4 = 32 Hex
Separated by dot(.) 4 Hex – Block,
Part =32/4 = 8 bits each block separated by colon (:)
Octet = 8 bits, 4 octets 8 blocks
Octet = 2^8 =256=0-255
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IPv4
1st octet.2nd octet. 3rd octet.4th octet == w.x.y.z
0.0.0.0 – 255.255.255.255
0.0.0.1 0.0.0.2 .. 0.0.0.255 0.0.1.0 0.0.1.255 0.0.2.0 ….. … 255.255.255.255
The entire ipv4 addresses divided into 5 class
To identify class check 1st octet (or W) of ipv4 address
CLASS A: 0000 0000 – 0111 1111 = 0 – 127 (1-126)
CLASS B: 1000 0000 – 1011 1111 = 128 – 191 CLASS A,B,C – Unicast
CLASS C: 1100 0000 – 1101 1111 = 192 – 223
CLASS D: 1110 0000 – 1110 1111 = 224 – 239 – multicasting, can’t assign to nic
CLASS E: 1111 0000 – 1111 1111 = 240 – 255 -reserved – R & D
—-can’t assign to any nic/adaptor
0.0.0.0 – RESERVED IP Address – unknow – used in specific services
In ipv6 – ::
0.x.x.x – not using ,
127.0.0.1 – reserved – localhost/loopback – self test:ping 127.0.0.1,
access local services in same system
In ipv6 loopback/localhost id is ::1
127.x.x.x – not using
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90.9.200.1 – class A
151.200.80.2 – class B
197.10.1.9 – class C
224.0.0.9 – class D
240.1.20.1 – class E
170.192.240.10 -class B
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Class range nw & host Default Subnet Mask – No of hosts per nw
Class A:0-127: N.H.H.H:255.0.0.0 :2^24-2=16,777, 216-2= 16,777,214
Class B:128-191:N.N.H.H:255.255.0.0 :2^16-2=65536-2=65534
Class C:192-223:N.N.N.H:255.255.255.0 :2^8=256-2 =254
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Network and host portion
Ex.
Apartment floor and door no
304,305,309,310 – 3rd floor,
1001, 1002, 1003, 1010,1019,1022,1034,1044,1099,..
10001 -10999
Ip address is divide into network portion and host portion
Devices can communicate if there network portion is same, host can be different
100.10.20.3 –class A – N-100, H-10.20.3
150.10.2.190 – class B – N-150.10 , H- 2.190
201.2.100.250 – class C -N-201.2.100, H-250
*1’s -network, 0’s – host
Ex one complete network means
192.168.10.0 – network id – to recognized network, can’t assign to nic
192.168.10.1 – 1st valid host id -assign to host (nic)
192.168.10.2
..
192.168.10.254 – last valid host id
192.168.10.255 – broadcast id , can’t assign to host(nic)
—
192.168.11.0 – other network
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172.16.0.0 – Network id
172.16.0.1 – 1st valid host id
172.16.255.254-last valid host id
172.16.255.255 –broadcast id
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172.17.0.0 – other network
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Device must be in same network to communicate each other
Devices network portion must be same
Or Network ID must be same
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If you want make communication between two or more different networks (network id is different to each other) you have to use Router (internetworking device)
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PC1: 172.16.10.230
PC2: 172.16.100.12
Class B – N-172.16, – both will comm
PC3: 172.16.100.34
PC4:172.17.10.165 – N- 172.17
-pc1,pc2,pc3 will comm – pc4 not -out
A-101.1.19.100
B-101.10.2.65
C-100.10.2.66 –X -A, B –correction – 101.10.2.66
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A – 201.100.10.2
B – 201.100.10.3
C – 201.100.11.4 -x
D – 201.101.10.5 -x
E – 200.100.10.6 -x
172.168.10.11 – 172.16.10.11– 190.168.10.22 -192.168.10.11.
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ipv4
