(N19) Networking Basics part7 IP Address and MAC Address, IPv4 and IPv6, IPv4 Address

février 20, 2023 Mourad ELGORMA

20230220 151324
IP Address, TCP/IP Protocol suite, Twisted Pair -UTP, Star Topology
IP Address MAC Address
Logical Address Physical Address
Uniquely identify a device in network
Can changeable can’t changeable
Assigned/configured by manually Assigned by Manufacturer of NIC
or automatically
Automatically by DHCP Server
IPv4 (32 bit) and IPv6 (128 bit) one version, 48 bit represent in Hexa
————————————————————————————————————
IPv4 IPv6
32 bit 128 bit
2^32 = 4.3 Billion 2^128 = 3.4 Billion Billion Billion
4,294,967,296 3.4 x 10^38
Decimal format Hexadecimal
Ex. 192.168.1.34 2001:234A:B6C2:F1A8:6789:ABE3:77AF:E237
IPv4 divided into 4 parts 1 Hexa = 4 bin, 128/4 = 32 Hexa
Each part – 32/4 = 8 bit, called as Octet 4 Hexa as 1 block separated by(:)
4 octets separated by dot(.) 8 blocks
Octet = 8 bit = 2^8 = 256 = 0-255 —————————————-
1st Octet. 2nd Octet. 3rd Octet. 4th Octet = W.X.Y.Z
0-255 . 0-255. 0-255. 0-255 0.255.255.255
0.0.0.0 0.0.1.0 0.0.255.255 1.0.0.0
0.0.0.1 0.0.1.1 0.1.0.0 1.0.0.1
0.0.0.2 0.0.1.2 0.1.0.1 ..
0.0.0.3 .. .. 1.0.1.0
.. 0.0.1.255 0.1.0.255 ..
0.0.0.254 0.0.2.0 0.1.1.0 ..
0.0.0.255 .. .. 255.255,255.255

IPv4 Address Range : 0.0.0.0 – 255.255.255.255
IP Address range divided into 5 classes
To check which class of ip address it is, check 1st octet(W) of ip address , with ip address class table.
CLASS A:0-127(1-126)
CLASS B:128-191
CLASS C:192-223
CLASS D:224-239: Multi cast
CLASS E:240-255 – R & D
We can’t assign/configure ip address to device
0.0.0.0 – reserved, use by certain protocols like DHCP, Default routing
0.x.x.x – no
127.0.0.1 – reserved, Loopback/LocalHost – self testing, self accessing
127.x.x.x – no
Can’t assign address in class E (R n D)
Class D – multicast – used by routing protocols(ripv2, ospf, eigrp), bootp .,
* Class A, Class B, Class C are unicast address , which we can assign to our devices