(N16) Networking Basics part4 IP Address IPv4 and IPv6, Network and Host Portion, Subnet Mask
20230125 170504
IPv4 IPv6
32 bit 128 bit
2^32 = 4.3 billion 2^128 = 3.4 billion billion billion
4,294,967,296 3.4x 10^38
Decimal format Hexadecimal format
Ex. 192.168.10.20 2001:AB11:BC2D:E671:8FA0:4523:ACB3:234A
Divided into 4 parts 1 Hex = 4 bit, 128/4 = 32 H
32/4 = 8 bits = octet Each 4 Hexa as 1 BLOCK
4 octets separated by .(dot) 8 BLOCKs , Separated by :(Colon)
Octet = 8 bit = 2^8= 256 = 0-255 Global Unicast – Public – 001/3 – 2000 – 3fff
Link Local – fe80::/64, generated by system using NIC’s MAC Address, works in LAN
Private and Mutlicast, Anycast
1st octet. 2nd octet. 3rd octet. 4th octet *no subnet mask, only Prefix(/) to
0-255 . 0-255 . 0-255 . 0-255 separate network and host portion
= W.X.Y.Z
Localhost/loopback -IPv4 127.0.0.1, IPv6 ::1
IPv4 0.0.0.0 IPv6 ::
IPv4 Range= 0.0.0.0 – 255.255.255.255
0.0.0.0 0.0.1.0 0.0.2.0 0.1.0.0 1.0.0.0
0.0.0.1 0.0.1.1 0.0.2.1 0.1.0.1 1.0.0.1
0.0.0.2 0.0.1.2 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
0.0.0.254 0.0.1.254 0.0.255.254 .. ..
0.0.0.255 0.0.1.255 0.0.255.255 0.255.255.255..255.255.255.255
The total ipv4 addresses divided into 5 classes
The division based on 1st octet
CLASS A:0000 0000 – 0111 1111:0 – 127(1-126)
CLASS B:1000 0000 – 1011 1111:128-191
CLASS C:1100 0000 – 1101 1111:192-223
CLASS D:1110 0000 – 1110 1111:224-239 – multicast
CLASS E:1111 0000 – 1111 1111:240-255 – reserved – R & D
We can’t assign some ip address to any host/device
0.0.0.0 -reserved – default routing, dhcp client (dora process).,
0.x.x.x – no
127.0.0.1 -reserved- localhost/loopback, self test, same system service access
Ex. i install oracle DB 21c in my system , i want to access from my system only
Then i use localhost-127.0.0.1 from SQLPLUS (client app)
I want to access from different PC/System in network , i have use my system IP address
127.x.x.x – no
CLASS D and CLASS E also
CLASS D – multicast used by some services/protocols
Deploy OS/Application to multi devices at a time through network-bootp
Exchange of routing table – eigrp, ospf, ripv2
–
CLASS A, CLASS B, CLASS C – unicast address – we can assign to devices/host
Default Subnet Mask
CLASS A:0-127 :N.H.H.H:255.0.0.0
CLASS B:128-191:N.N.H.H:255.255.0.0
CLASS C:192-223:N.N.N.H:255.255.255.0
101.11.23.33 – class A – N-101, H-11.23.33
139.23.112.223 – class B -N-139.23, H-112.223
200.10.123.127 – class C – 200.10.123, H-127
–
To communicate between the devices they should be in same network(logical and physical)
There network ID must be same
Subnet mask:
System use subnet mask to divide network portion and host porting
Tells network ID of the IP Address
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ipv4
