(N12) Networking Basics – IP Address and MAC Address , IPv4 and IPv6, IP Address classes
20221219 151748
IP Address MAC Address
Logical address Physical address
Changeable can’t change
Assigned by manually or automatically Assigned by manufacturer of nic
(by dhcp server)
Ipv4 and ipv6 no versions
ipv4(32 bit) and ipv6(128 bit) 48 bit represented in 12 Hexadecimal
Private and Public IP Address NA
*All communications by IP Address only
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IP Address
Logical address
Every device in network need ip address to communicate
Uniquely identify a device in network
Not unique address
AT PC-A:PING REQUEST FROM PC-A TO PC-B
CMD: PING 10.0.0.12
IPv4 IPv6
32 bit 128 bit
2^32=4.3 billion 2^128 = 3.4 billion billion billion
=4,294,967,296 = 3.4 x 10^38
Decimal format Hexadecimal format
Ex. 192.168.1.100 ex. 2004:1234:5678:90ab:cdef:1111:aaaa:bbbb
32 bit is divide into 4 parts Hexadecimal 1 no – 4 binary bit
Separated by dot(.) 128 bit /4 = 32 Hexadecimal
32/4 = 8 bit = octet 4 hex – Block , totally 8 Blocks
Octet = 2^8 =256 = 0-255 Blocks are separated by colon(:)
4 octets 2002::1 = 2002:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001
1st octet.2nd octet. 3rd octet.4th octet Global Unicast -public by isp
W.X.Y.Z Private ipv6 address
0-255.0-255.0-255.0-255 link local ipv6 address: fe80::/64
100.255.0.230 – (Generate by system based on MAC)
1.2.257.2 –XX Multicast
0.0.0.0 – 255.255.255.255 ipv4 broadcast – ipv6 anycast
0.0.0.0 0.0.1.0 0.0.2.0 0.1.0.0 0.1.1.1
0.0.0.1 0.0.1.1 0.0.2.1 0.1.0.1 0.255.255.255
0.0.0.2 0.0.1.2 .. .. 1.0.0.0
0.0.0.254 0.0.1.254 0.0.255.254 0.1.0.255 1.0.0.1
0.0.0.255 0.0.1.255 0.0.255.255 0.1.1.0 255.255.255.255
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IPv4 -broadcast address – 255.255.255.255
Ipv4 addresses divided into 5 CLASSes
To identify a ip address (which class ) check 1st octet(W)
CLASS A:0000 0000 – 0111 1111: 0-127(1-126)
CLASS B:1000 0000 – 1011 1111:128-191
CLASS C:1100 0000 – 1101 1111:192-223
CLASS D:1110 0000 – 1110 1111:224-239 – Multicast
CLASS E:1111 0000 – 1111 1111:240-255 – R & D
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We can’t assign to nic
Multicast ip address(class D)
0.0.0.0 – reserved ip address, unknow , – :: ipv6
0.x.x.x -no
127.0.0.1 – reserved ip address for loopback/localhost – ::1 in ipv6
127.x.x.x – no
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ipv4
